Glandular Branches: Three to four branches arise as well, moving towards the submandibular salivary gland as well as surrounding structures.It eventually splits further into a superficial (surface) and a deep branch. It splits off at the point where the course passes through the submandibular gland, passing over the mylohyoid muscle just behind the body of the mandible. Conservative management Speech therapy improves velopharyngeal function when VPD is minimal or due to articulation errors and in postoperative patients. Submental Artery: Moving alongside the underside of the chin, the submental artery is the largest branch of the facial artery.The muscles further provide help by facilitating peristalsis (constrictors), together with swallowing and speaking (longitudinal muscles). Function: pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus. Therefore, the pharynx functions in both the digestive and respiratory systems. One of the most superior muscles of the pharynx. The external laryngeal nerve gives branches to pharyngeal plexus and the superior portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, and communicates with the superior cardiac nerve behind the common carotid artery. At that point, it connects with one of the branches of the ascending palatine artery. Superior pharyngeal constrictor: Origins: Pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe. The external branch functions to tense the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch. Tonsillar Branch: Running between the styloglossus and medial pterygoid muscle (located towards the back of the mouth), the tonsillar branch pierces the superior pharyngeal constrictor before getting to the palatine tonsil. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is one of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Origin: Medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle Nerve: Vagus nerve Action: Swallowing Description: The Superior constrictor (Constrictor pharyngis superior) is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the other two.One of these accesses the auditory tube of the ear and the palatine tonsil (a soft tissue mass in the throat), while the other reaches the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of the pharynx. Ascending Palatine Artery: Passing upwards between the styloglossus and stylopharyngeus-muscle groups that connect to the tongue and the pharynx, respectively-before splitting into two branches. As the stylopharyngeus muscle passes between the superior pharyngeal constrictor (laterally) and middle pharyngeal constrictor (medially) muscles, it is accompanied by the glossopharyngeal nerve cranial nerve stylohyoid ligament. The pharyngeal constrictor muscle has been shown to have a dual role, in that when pharyngeal airway volume is large, such as during expiration, the muscle.
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